1. INTRODUCTION: 2 - 3

2. GEOLOGICAL ORIGIN AND GEOGRAPHY:

2.1. Theories about the origin of petroleum: 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9

2.2. Where petroleum can be found: 10 - 11 - 12 - 13 - 14 - 15

3. USES OF HYDROCARBONS

3.1. In ancient times: 16 - 17 - 18

3.2. In Pre-Colombian: 19

3.3. Pharmaceuticals & cosmetics: 20

3.4. Illumination: 21 - 22

3.5. Combustible: 23

3.6. For military purposes: 24 - 25 - 26 - 27

4. PROSPECTING AND PERFORATION

4.1. Preliminary studies: 28

4.2. Sources of research & technologies to locate oil: 29 - 30 - 31 - 32 - 33 - 34 - 35

4.3. Perforation - early experiences: 36 - 37 - 38

4.4. Onshore drilling: 39 - 40 - 41 - 42 - 43 - 44 - 45 - 46

4.5. Offshore drilling: 47 - 48 - 49 - 50

4.6. Kinds of reservoirs: 51

5. PRODUCTION AND TRANSPORTATION OF OIL AND GAS

5.1. Producing wells: drilling and testing: 52 - 53 - 54 - 55

5.2. Pumps to draw up: 56 - 57 - 58

5.3. Oil and gas pipelines: 59 - 60 - 61 - 62

5.4. Tankers: 63 - 64 - 65

5.5. Wagon-Tanks: 66

5.6. Distribution: from the refinery to the consumers: 67 - 68 - 69

5.7. The gas station: 70 - 71 - 72 - 73 - 74 - 75

6. PETROLEUM AND PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES:

6.1. Petroleum refining: processes & equipment: 76 - 77 - 78 - 79 - 80 - 81 - 82 - 83

6.2. Early steps: kerosene production: 84 - 85

6.3. Gasoline, motor oils and gas: 86 - 87 - 88

6.4. Some other petroleum by-products: 89 - 90 - 91 - 92

6.5. Petrochemical industry and its various products: 93 - 94 - 95 - 96 - 97 - 98

6.6. Industrial safety: 99 - 100 - 101 - 102 - 103 - 104 - 105 - 106 - 107

7. THE ENTERPRISES OF PETROLEUM:

7.1. The coming and rise: 108 - 109 - 110

7.2. Private companies: - 111 - 112 - 113 - 114 - 115 - 116 - 117 - 118

7.3. National companies: 119 - 120 - 121 - 122

8. THE PETROLEUM CRISIS AND ITS CONSEQUENCIES

8.1. Political crisis: 123 - 124 - 125 - 126 - 127 - 128

8.2. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Counties (OPEC): 129 - 130 - 131 - 132

8.3. Energy conservation: 133 - 134 -135 - 136 - 137 - 138 - 139 - 140 - 141 - 142

8.4. Alternative Energy: 143 - 144 - 145 - 146 - 147 - 148 - 149 - 150

8.5. Petroleum: environmental aspects and its importance for humanity: 151 - 152 - 153 - 154 - 155 - 156 - 157 - 158 - 159 - 160